Over the past decades, psychopharmacology has failed to introduce new revolutionary drugs for psychiatry, and the classical antidepressants currently on the market are ineffective. The second "psychedelic revolution", which has been actively developing since the beginning of this century, promises to be a new solution to these problems in medicine. A number of psychedelic substances, including MDMA, psilocybin, DMT, and ketamine, are considered to be the most promising treatments. Psychedelics have an extraordinary ability to create rapid and lasting changes in the structure and function of neurons and improve the mental state of patients even after a single dose. Data from carefully designed and conducted controlled studies show that these compounds are effective in treating depression, anxiety, PTSD, and addictions, do not cause physical dependence or withdrawal, and the incidence of serious adverse reactions such as psychotic episodes is extremely low or non-existent. There is an urgent need to legalize psychedelic therapy in Ukraine.