Ketamine, known since the late 20th century as an anesthetic, has recently attracted the attention of scientists for its potential in the treatment of mental disorders and addictions. Studies have shown its effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as in working with patients with alcohol or drug addiction. Let's take a look at how ketamine can help in the treatment of addictions and what challenges researchers and doctors face.
How does ketamine work?
Ketamine affects the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brain, which regulate the transmission of signals between neurons. Blocking these receptors stimulates the release of glutamate, an important neurotransmitter that promotes the formation of new neural connections. As a result, the brain's ability to adapt to new conditions improves, which is especially important for people with addiction, as it is often associated with fixed neural patterns.
Ketamine in the treatment of addictions
Addiction is characterized as a chronic, relapsing disorder that affects the brain's reward system and reduces control over behavior. Traditional treatment approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication, are often not effective enough. Research shows that ketamine can help in the following ways:
- Reducing cravings for substances. Taking ketamine can affect memories associated with drug or alcohol use, making it easier to fight the urge to return to addiction.
- Psychological reboot. Ketamine promotes openness to new experiences and increases flexibility of thinking, which facilitates behavioral changes.
- Emotional stabilization. Patients with addictions often suffer from depression or anxiety disorders, which complicates the treatment process. Ketamine has a rapid antidepressant effect, helping to reduce these symptoms.
For example, a study conducted at the University of Exeter (UK) demonstrated that treatment with three ketamine infusions was well tolerated by patients with alcohol use disorder and was associated with more days of abstinence during a 6-month follow-up. These findings suggest a possible positive effect of adding psychological therapy to ketamine treatment.
Development prospects
Despite the encouraging results, research is still ongoing, and there is no certainty that ketamine will have a lasting therapeutic effect for a long period of time. Also, comprehensive therapy is needed. Ketamine cannot be the only treatment. It is more effective when combined with psychotherapy and other types of support.
Scientists continue to research the optimal protocols for ketamine use. New forms of drug delivery, including nasal sprays and microdosing, are being developed to minimize side effects. In addition, work is underway to identify the categories of patients for whom such therapy will be most effective.
Conclusions.
Ketamine opens up new possibilities in the treatment of addictions, but requires a cautious approach and further research. Its ability to influence brain neuroplasticity and reduce emotional disturbances makes it a promising tool in complex therapy. However, potential risks must be taken into account and implemented under the supervision of specialists to ensure the best results for patients.
