Ketamine, known since the late 20th century as an anesthetic, has recently attracted the attention of scientists due to its potential in the treatment of mental disorders and addictions. Research shows its effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as in working with patients with alcohol or drug addiction. Let's analyze how exactly ketamine can help in addiction therapy and what challenges researchers and doctors face.
How does ketamine work?
Ketamine affects the brain's N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which regulate the transmission of signals between neurons. Blocking these receptors stimulates the release of glutamate, an important neurotransmitter that promotes the formation of new neural connections. As a result, the brain's ability to adapt to new conditions improves, which is especially important for people with addiction, as it is often associated with fixed neural patterns.
Ketamine in addiction therapy
Addiction is characterized as a chronic relapsing disorder that affects the brain's reward system and reduces behavioral control. Traditional treatment approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication, are often not effective enough. Research shows that ketamine can help in the following ways:
- Reduction of substance craving. Taking ketamine can affect memories associated with the use of drugs or alcohol, making it easier to fight the urge to return to addiction.
- Psychological reset. Ketamine promotes openness to new experiences and increases flexibility of thinking, which facilitates behavioral changes.
- Emotional stabilization. Patients with addictions often suffer from depression or anxiety disorders, which complicates the treatment process. Ketamine has a rapid antidepressant effect, helping to reduce these symptoms.
For example, the study was conducted at the University of Exeter (UK) demonstrated that treatment with three infusions of ketamine was well tolerated by patients with alcohol use disorder and was associated with more days abstinent from alcohol at 6-month follow-up. The obtained data indicate a possible positive effect of adding psychological therapy together with ketamine treatment.
Development prospects
Despite the encouraging results, research is still ongoing, and there is no certainty that ketamine will have a sustained therapeutic effect over the long term. Also, complex therapy is necessary. Ketamine cannot be the only treatment. Effectiveness increases when combined with psychotherapy and other types of support.
Науковці продовжують досліджувати оптимальні протоколи застосування кетаміну. Розробляються нові форми доставки препарату, включно з назальними спреями та мікродозуванням, що мають мінімізувати побічні ефекти. Окрім того, ведеться робота над визначенням категорій пацієнтів, для яких така терапія буде найефективнішою.
Conclusions
Ketamine opens up new opportunities in the treatment of addictions, but requires a cautious approach and further research. Its ability to influence brain neuroplasticity and reduce emotional disturbances makes it a promising tool in complex therapy. However, potential risks must be taken into account and implemented under the supervision of specialists to ensure the best results for patients.