Ketamine, known since the late 20th century as an anesthetic, has recently attracted the attention of scientists due to its potential in treating mental disorders and addictions. Studies show its effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as in working with patients with alcohol or drug addiction. Let's take a look at how ketamine can help in addiction treatment and what challenges researchers and doctors face.
How does ketamine work?
Ketamine acts on the brain's N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which regulate the transmission of signals between neurons. Blocking these receptors stimulates the release of glutamate, an important neurotransmitter that helps form new neural connections. The result is an improved ability for the brain to adapt to new conditions, which is especially important for people with addiction, as it is often associated with fixed neural patterns.
Ketamine in addiction treatment
Addiction is characterized as a chronic, relapsing disorder that affects the brain's reward system and impairs control over behavior. Traditional treatment approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication, are often ineffective. Ketamine has been shown to help with the following:
- Reducing cravings. Taking ketamine can affect memories associated with drug or alcohol use, making it easier to fight the desire to return to addiction.
- Psychological rebooting. Ketamine promotes openness to new experiences and increases flexibility of thinking, which facilitates behavioral changes.
- Emotional stabilization: Patients with addictions often suffer from depression or anxiety disorders, which complicates the treatment process. Ketamine has a rapid antidepressant effect, helping to reduce these symptoms.
For example, a study conducted at the University of Exeter (UK) demonstrated that treatment with three infusions of ketamine was well tolerated in patients with alcohol use disorder and was associated with more days of abstinence from alcohol at 6-month follow-up. The findings suggest the possible positive effect of adding psychological therapy to ketamine treatment.
Development prospects
Despite the encouraging results, research is still ongoing, and there is no complete certainty that ketamine will have a sustainable therapeutic effect over the long term. Also, complex therapy is needed. Ketamine cannot be the only treatment method. Effectiveness increases when combined with psychotherapy and other types of support.
Researchers continue to explore optimal protocols for ketamine administration. New forms of drug delivery are being developed, including nasal sprays and microdosing, that should minimize side effects. In addition, work is underway to identify the categories of patients for whom this therapy will be most effective.
Conclusions
Ketamine opens up new possibilities in the treatment of addictions, but requires a cautious approach and further research. Its ability to influence neuroplasticity of the brain and reduce emotional disorders makes it a promising tool in complex therapy. However, it is necessary to consider the potential risks and implement it under the supervision of specialists to ensure the best results for patients.
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